Overview

India, officially The Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by land mass, the second most populous nation in the world, and the most populous democracy. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean in the south, the Arabian Sea to the southwest and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast. It is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean, and has land borders with Pakistan in the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands it possesses share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia. 

Economy

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that in 2022 the Indian economy was worth $3.46 trillion in nominal terms, making it the fifth-largest economy by market exchange rates, and $11.6 trillion by purchasing power parity (PPP). India's average annual GDP growth rate over the past two decades was 5.8%, reaching 6.1% in 2011–2012. 

By 2021, India had grown to become the world's third-largest pharmaceutical producer, with 3000 companies and 10,500 manufacturing units. In addition, the country supplies up to 50%-60% of global vaccine demand and is the largest producer of generic medicines.  India's telecommunication sector is ranked second globally, with more than 1.2 billion subscribers. This sector makes up 6.5% of India's GDP. At the end of the third quarter of 2017, India overtook the US to become the second biggest smartphone market globally, behind China.